In 2016, this is still a bug.
It's officially recognised by Microsoft as a bug, here: https://support.microsoft.com/en-us/kb/320369
The suggested workaround is too painful and I am not even sure if it works in the latest versions of .NET. There's an easier way to fix it, when you know the root cause.
Here we go. In my case, I have my Windows development machine with Dutch locale settings, but my Microsoft Office 2010 x86 version is en-US. As explained in the hyperlink above, Excel doesn't handle that correctly.
The solution I found was to download and install "Office 2010 Language Pack (x86) - (Dutch)". It worked directly after installing, no reboot was required.